Physics
Cambridge IGCSE
Cambridge IGCSE
(click here for simplified 'symbols only' version)
For ALL exam papers for Physics iGCSE:
| average speed = | total distance moved |
| total time taken |
| v = | s |
| t |
| acceleration = | change in velocity |
| time taken |
| a = | Δv |
| t |
| gravitational field strength = | weight |
| mass |
| g = | W |
| m |
| density = | mass |
| volume |
| ρ = | m |
| V |
force= mass x acceleration
F = m a
| Spring constant = | Force applied |
| extension |
| k = | F |
| x |
moment = force x perpendicular distance (from the pivot)
moment = F d
momentum = mass x velocity
p = m v
| force = | change in momentum |
| time taken |
| F = | Δp |
| Δt |
Impulse (change in momentum) = force x time taken
Δp or Δ(mv) = F Δt
work done (change in energy) = force x distance moved (in direction of force)
W = ΔE = F d
| Power = | work done (or energy transferred) |
| time taken |
| P = | W (or ΔE) |
| t |
kinetic energy = ½ x mass x (speed)2
K.E. = ½ m v2
gravitational energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height
G.P.E. = m g h
| efficiency = | useful energy/power output | x 100% |
| total energy/power input |
| pressure |
= | force |
| area |
| p = | F |
| A |
pressure difference= density x gravitational field strength x height
Δp = ρ g Δh
Temperature (in Kelvin) = Temperature (in Celsius/centigrade) + 273
[K] = [°C] + 273
initial pressure x initial volume = final pressure x final volume
P1 V1 = P2 V2
| S.H.C. = | change in thermal energy |
| mass x temperature change |
| c = | ΔE |
| m Δθ |
wave velocity = frequency x wavelength
v = ƒ λ
| n = | sin i |
| sin r |
| sin c = | 1 |
| n |
| current = | charge |
| time |
| I = | Q |
| t |
| E.M.F. (or potential difference) = | work done |
| charge |
| E (or V) = | W |
| Q |
| resistance = | voltage |
| current |
| R = | V |
| I |
Rtotal = R1 + R2 + .....
| 1 | = | 1 | + | 1 |
| Rtotal | R1 | R2 |
| R1 | = | V1 |
| R2 | V2 |
power = current x voltage
P = I V
energy = current x voltage x time
E = I V t
| input (primary) voltage | = | number of primary turns |
| output (secondary) voltage | number of secondary turns |
| Vp | = | Np |
| Vs | Ns |
input power = output power
Vp Ip = Vs Is
power lost as heat = (current)2 x resistance
P = I2 R
| average orbital speed = | 2 x π x orbital radius |
| time period |
| v = | 2 π r |
| T |
| Hubble Constant= | recession velocity |
| distance |
| H0= | v |
| D |
where H0 = 2.2 x10-18 per second
| age of Universe, T = | v | = | 1 |
| D | H0 |
